ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the distribution features of resident CD8 + T cells infiltration in human esophageal cancer tissues and its clinical significance. Methods:Data from the Cancer Genome Atlas database were retrieved, the correlation between CD103 + CD8 + T cells and infiltration degree of conventional type 1 dendritic cell (cDC1), conventional type 2 dendritic cell (cDC2), type 3 dendritic cell(DC3) was investigated. From January 2006 to December 2008, 78 esophageal cancer tissues and 75 adjacent normal tissues from 78 esophageal cancer patients were collected by Shanghai Outdo Biotechnology Co., Ltd, the clinical data of patients was followed up by telephone until July 2015. The distribution of CD8 + T cells and CD103 + CD8 + T cells in cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues was detected by multi-color labeling techniques and multispectral tissue imaging. The differences of the number and the ratio of CD8 + T cells and CD103 + CD8 + T cells in cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues were compared. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves of patients with tissue infiltration of CD8 + T cells and CD103 + CD8 + T cells at different levels were drawn through the R language " survminer" package, and the best cut-off value was obtained. TNM stage, pathological stage and other clinical parameters of patients with high and low infiltration of CD8 + T cells, CD103 + CD8 + T cells were compared. Wilcoxon rank sum test, chi-square test, log-rank test and Cox proportional risk regression model statistical analysis were used to evaluate the prognostic value of the above indicators. Spearman correlation analysis was used for correlation analysis. Results:In the cancer tissues of patients with esophageal cancer, the infiltration degree of CD103 + CD8 + T cells was positively correlated with the infiltration degree of cDC1 cells, cDC2 cells and DC3 cells ( r=0.67, 0.53 and 0.47, all P<0.001). The percentage of CD8 + T cells in all cells in the whole tissue core of tumor tissues (63.09% (42.14%, 76.21%)) was higher than that of adjacent normal tissues (2.56% (1.68%, 5.38%)), and the difference was statistically significant ( U=41.00, P<0.001). The proportion of CD103 + CD8 + T cells in all cells in the whole tissue core of tumor tissues (7.92% (1.60%, 20.61%)) was higher than that of adjacent normal tissues (0.04% (0.01%, 0.10%)), and the difference was statistically significant ( U=857.50, P<0.001). The percentage of high CD8 + T cells infiltration in esophageal cancer tissues of patients with pathological stage Ⅰ+ Ⅱ was lower than that of patients with stage Ⅲ+ Ⅳ (57.9%, 33/57 vs. 85.7%, 18/21); the percentage of high CD103 + CD8 + T cells in CD8 + T cells in esophageal cancer tissues of patients with TNM stage Ⅰ+ Ⅱ was lower than that of patients with stage Ⅲ+ Ⅳ (21.6%, 8/37 vs. 48.8%, 20/41), and the differences were both statistically significant ( χ2=5.25 and 6.23, P=0.022 and 0.013). The results of Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and univariate Cox proportional risk regression model showed that the overall survival (OS) of patients with high CD8 + T cell infiltration was longer than that of patients with low CD8 + T cell infiltration ( HR=0.57, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.34 to 0.96, P=0.034). There was no significant difference in OS between patients with high CD103 + CD8 + T cell infiltration and patients with low CD103 + CD8 + T cell infiltration ( HR=0.66, 95% CI 0.40 to 1.08, P>0.05). Conclusion:The high infiltration of CD103 + CD8 + T cells in esophageal cancer tissues are expected to be used as a prognostic predictor for patients with esophageal cancer, which is an important component of anti-tumor immune response in tumor microenvironment of esophageal cancer.
ABSTRACT
The internal organs and meridians were associated with Yin and Yang, five elements, six qi, and time and space, based on the holistic view of heaven, earth and human, according to Huangdi Neijing. The syndrome differentiation system of six meridians and Zang Fu meridians were established by Shanghan Zabing Lun, on the basis of the three Yin, three Yang, six meridians, and five Zang system in Huangdi Neijing. We put forward the concept of the six meridians syndrome differentiation system of circular motion, considering that the six meridians syndrome differentiation system actually implies the theory of circular motion. The syndrome differentiation system was constructed with the circular model of one qi circulating around the road, rising left and falling right, corresponding up and down, and maintaining conservation in the middle as the core, integrating Yin and Yang, five elements, six qi, Zang Fu and meridians, qi, blood and body fluid, and the integration of heaven, earth and human, focusing on "disease location and disease nature", taking classical prescriptions as the main treatments, and cooperating with external treatments such as acupuncture and moxibustion. We organically combined the circular motion with the syndrome differentiation of the six meridians, systematically interpreted the physiological bases, pathological changes, progressive patterns, and the treatments, based on syndrome differentiation, by inheriting the classical thinking mode of Hetu, Luoshu,Zhouyi, Huangdi Neijing, ShennongHerbal Classic, and Shanghan Zabing Lun.
ABSTRACT
Febrile seizure(FS) is generally defined as seizures occurring in children typically 6 months to 5 years of age in association with a fever greater than 38℃, who do not have evidence of an intracranial cause, another definable cause of seizure, or a history of an a febrile seizure.At present, it is considered that FS is caused by multiple factors, mainly duing to the developing central nervous system is vulnerable to fever and potential risk factors (including environmental and genetic factors). According to the type of seizures, it can be divided into simple FS and complex FS, distinguishing the type will be helpful to formulate clinical intervention strategies.Benzodiazepines can quickly stop convulsion, and it is mostly used for patients with a duration of more than 5 minutes.At the same time, intermittent diazepam treatment can effectively reduce the risk of recurrence of FS and relieve parents′ anxiety and fear.This review briefly summarized the risk factors, clinical evaluation and treatment of FS in order to improve understanding.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the expression of IFIT2 (interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2) in human lung cancer tissue and analyze the relationship between the IFIT2 expression and clinicopathological features and prognosis. @*Methods@#Tissue microarray and immunofluorescence staining were used to examine the IFIT2 expression in lung cancer tissue and their adjacent tissues. Wilcoxon rank test was used to compare the IFIT2 expression in lung cancer and corresponding adjacent tissues. The chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between the IFIT2 expression in lung cancer tissues and clinicopathological features of the patients. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between IFIT2 expression and patients′ overall survival. Cox model was used to analyze the correlation between different clinical parameters and prognosis. @*Results@#There was significant difference for the IFIT2 expression between the lung cancer tissues and adjacent tissues (P＜0.01). There was no significant correlation between IFIT2 expression and clinicopathological features of patients (P＞0.05). In lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, Kaplan-Merier survival analysis showed that the overall survival (OS) of patients in IFIT2 low expression group was significantly shorter than that in IFIT2 high expression group (HR=2.392, 95%CI: 1.103-5.186, P=0.027; HR=2.907, 95%CI: 1.118-7.559, P=0.029, respectively). Multi-factor Cox model analysis indicated that distant metastasis (HR=8.033, 95% CI: 3.664-17.614, P=0.000) was independent prognostic factors for lung adenocarcinoma, lymph node metastasis (HR=3.390, 95% CI: 1.029-11.175, P=0.045) and IFIT2 low expression (HR=3.762,95%CI: 1.236-11.451, P=0.020) were independent prognostic factors for lung squamous cell carcinoma. @*Conclusion@#The down-regulated expression of IFIT2 in lung cancer tissues suggests that it may play an important role in initiation and development of lung cancer. It could be used as a valuable risk factor to predict the prognosis of lung cancer patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the degree of infiltration and distribution of tissue-resident CD8 + T cells (CD103 + CD8 + T cells) in gastric cancer tissues, and analyze the relationship between the degree of infiltration and clinicopathological features and prognosis. @*Methods@#Tissue microarray and immunofluorescence staining were used to examine the CD8 + T cells and CD103 + CD8 + T cells infiltration in 90 cases of gastric cancer and their adjacent normal tissues. Wilcoxon rank test was used to compare the CD8 + T cells, CD103 + CD8 + T cells infiltration and CD103 + CD8 + T cells/CD8 + T cells ratio in gastric cancer and corresponding normal tissues. The chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between CD8 + T cells, CD103 + CD8 + T cells infiltration and CD103 + CD8 + T cells/ CD8 + T cells ratio in gastric cancer tissues and clinicopathological features of the patients. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to explore the correlation between CD8 + T cells, CD103 + CD8 + T cells infiltration and CD103 + CD8 + T cells/ CD8 + T cells ratio and overall survival. Cox model was used to analyze the correlation between different clinical parameters and prognosis of the patients. @*Results@#There was no significant difference for the infiltration of CD103 + CD8 + T cells between the gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues (P＞0.05). The infiltration rate of CD103 + CD8 + T cells in the cases in stage Ⅲ to Ⅳ (69.09%, 38/55) was significantly lower than that in the stage Ⅰ to Ⅱ cases (91.43%, 32/35), (χ 2 =6.175, P=0.013). There was no significant correlation between CD103 + CD8 + T cells infiltration and other clinicopathological features (P＞0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the patients with high CD103 + CD8 + T cells infiltration showed significantly longer overall survival than the patients with low CD103 + CD8 + T cells infiltration (HR=2.187, 95%CI: 1.062-4.500, P=0.033 6). Multivariate Cox model analysis indicated that tumor diameter (HR=2.031, 95%CI: 1.163-3.546, P=0.013) and CD103 + CD8 + T cells infiltration (HR=0.516, 95%CI: 0.285-0.934, P=0.029) were independent prognostic factors for gastric cancer. @*Conclusion@#CD103 + CD8 + T cells in gastric cancer tissues should be associated with good prognosis, suggesting that they play an important role in the inhibition of gastric carcinogenesis and development, and can be used as an important factor for the prognosis evaluation of the patients with gastric cancer.
ABSTRACT
High-affinity α-glucosidase inhibitors were screened from Cichorium glundulosum Boiss.et Hout seed (CGS) extract by ultra-filtration affinity-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UF-LC-MS) and molecular docking.By taking 4-nitrobenzene-α-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG) as substrate and acarbose as positive control to evaluate the inhibitory activity of CGS extract, IC50 of acarbose and CGS extract were 0.003 mg/mL and 0.447 mg/mL, respectively.Meanwhile, 4 compounds from CGS extract by UF-LC-MS were screened and identified.Then by using autodock software, the compounds that combined with α-glucosidase were well screened out, including chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid A.The inhibitory activity of chlorogenic acid and chlorogenic acid A against α-glucosidase was verified in vitro.The results showed that the inhibitory activity of the compounds toward α-glucosidase presented the sequence of acarbose>isochlorogenic acid A>chlorogenic acid.The inhibition rate of isochlorogenic acid A was close to acarbose.The experimental results illustrated that UF-LC-MS and molecular docking could be used to screen high affinity enzyme inhibitors from CGS.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship of human papillomavirus(HPV) intection with expressions of cell cycle regulatory proteins cyclin D1,E and their dependent kinase inhibitor p27 in bowenoid papulosis(BP).MethodsTissue specimens were obtained from the lesions of 44 patients with BP,and circumcised foreskin tissue from 10 males served as the control.Gene chip was used to determine the genotypes of HPV,and immunohistochemistry to quantify the expressions of cyclin D1,E,p27,in these specimens.Results Of the 44 BP specimens,all were positive for HPV DNA,38(86.36％) for high risk types of HPV,and 6 for low risk types of HPV.Of the high risk HPV-positive specimens,30(68.18％) harbored HPV16,16 harbored single HPV 16,14 harbored other types of HPV besides HPV 16,8 harbored other high risk types of HPV.HPV 6 predominated in low risk HPV-positive specimens.The expression of cyclin D1 was significantly higher in patients with high-risk HPV(u =53.00,P＜ 0.05),with both high and low risk HPV(u =5.00,P＜ 0.01) and with low risk HPV (u =22.50,P＜ 0.05) than in normal human controls,and higher in patients with both high and low risk HPV (u =44.00,P＜ 0.01) and with low risk HPV (u =22.50,P＜ 0.05) than those with high risk HPV.In the case of cyclin E expression,patients with high risk HPV (u =0.00,P ＜ 0.01 ),with both high and low risk HPV (u =4.00,P ＜ 0.01 ),and with low risk HPV(u =1.50,P ＜ 0.01 ) were higher than normal human controls,and patients with high risk HPV were higher than those with low risk HPV(u =11.00,P ＜ 0.01).No significant difference was observed in the expression of p27 between patients with high and low risk types of HPV.A significant increase was observed in the expression of p27 in patients aged ＞ 50 years compared with patients aged 20-30 years(u =47.00,P＜ 0.05) and aged 31-50 years (u =55.50,P＜ 0.05),as well as in the expression of cyclin E in patients aged ＞ 50 years compared with those aged 20-30 years(u =45.50,P ＜ 0.05),and in female patients compared with male patients (u =137.50,P＜ 0.05).ConlusionThere is a significant difference in the expression of cyclin D1,E and p27 among patients with BP infected with different types of HPV.